• Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Recycled High Impact Polystyrene Composites Reinforced by Rice Husk Flour

  • Seogjun Kim†

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehakro 558, Kunsan, Chonbuk 54150, Korea

  • 왕겨분말 강화 재활용 고충격폴리스티렌 복합재료의 열적 및 기계적 물성

  • 김석준†

  • 군산대학교 융합과학공학대학 화학공학과

  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.


References
  • 1. Suhot, M. A.; Hassan, M. Z.; Aziz, S. A.; Daud, M. Y. M. Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review. Polymers 2021, 13, 2391-2409.
  •  
  • 2. Kenechi, N.; Linus, C.; Kayode, A. Utilization of Rice Husk as Reinforcement in Plastic Composites Fabrication-A Review. Am. J. Mater. Synth. Process. 2016, 1, 32-36.
  •  
  • 3. Arjmandi, R.; Hassan, A.; Majeed, K.; Zakara, Z. Rice Husk Filled Polymer Composites. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2015, 6, 193-224.
  •  
  • 4. R, A. G.; Yogesha, B. An Overview on Mechanical Property Evaluation of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Mater. Today Proc. 2017, 4, 2755-2759.
  •  
  • 5. Vaisanen, T.; Haapala, A.; Lappalainen, R.; Tomppo, L. Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Industry Waste and Residues in Natural Fiber–Polymer Composites: A Review. Waste Manag. 2016, 54, 62-73.
  •  
  • 6. Premalal, H. G. B.; Ismail, H.; Baharin, A. Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Powder Filed Polypropylene Composites with Talc Filled Polypropylene Composites. Polym. Test. 2002, 21, 833-839.
  •  
  • 7. Kim, H. J.; Eom, Y. G. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Rice Husk Flour for a New Raw Material of Lignocellulosic Fiber-Thermoplastic Polymer Composites. Mokchae Konghak 2001, 29, 59-67.
  •  
  • 8. Lee, K.; Cheon, K.; Park, K.; Lee, H. Optimization of Air Roller Separator for Improving the Separation Efficiency of Shredded Unsorted Plastic Waste. Resources Recycling 2025, 34, 25-32.
  •  
  • 9. Atuanya, C. U.; Olaitan, S. A.; Azeez, T. O.; Akagu, C. C.; Onukwuli, O. D.; Menkiti, M. C. Effect of Rice Husk Filler on Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Matrix Composite. Int. J. Cur. Res. Rev. 2013, 5, 111-118.
  •  
  • 10. Tong, J. Y.; Royan, N. R. R.; Ng, Y. C.; Ghani, M. H. A.; Ahmad, S. Study of the Mechanical and Morphology Properties of Recycled HDPE Composite Using Rice Husk Filler. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 2014, 1-6.
  •  
  • 11. Favaro, S. L.; Lopes, M. S.; Neto, A. G. V. C.; Santana, R. R.; Radovanovic, E. Chemical, Morphological, and Mechanical Analysis of Rice Husk/Post-Consumer Polyethylene Composites. Composites: Part A 2010, 41, 154-160.
  •  
  • 12. Suharty, N. S.; Mathialagan, M.; Ismail, H.; Wirjosentono, B.; Firdaus, M.; Wardani, G. K. Tensile Properties and Biodegradability of Rice Husk Powder-Filled Recycled Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Crude Palm Oil and Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate. J. Phys. Sci. 2014, 25, 55-71.
  •  
  • 13. Kamarun, D.; Surip, S. N.; Bonnia, N. N.; Dahan, R. M.; Latiff, F. A.; Samsuri, A. Effect of Rice Husk Particle Size on Tensile and Density of Recycled PPVC Composite. Adv. Mater. Res. 2013, 812, 145-150.
  •  
  • 14. Ramle, M. S.; Romli, A. Z.; Abidin, M. H. Tensile Properties of Aminosilane Treated Rice Husk/Recycled PVC Composite. Adv. Mater. Res. 2013, 812, 151-156.
  •  
  • 15. Choi, N. W.; Mori, I.; Ohama, Y. Development of Rice Husks-Plastics Composite for Building Materials. Waste Manag. 2006, 26, 189-194.
  •  
  • 16. Kim, S. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Four Reinforced Recycled Polystyrene Composites. Polym. Korea 2020, 44, 192-200.
  •  
  • 17. Ighalo, O.; Adeniyi, A. G.; Owolabi, O. O.; Abdulkareem, S. A. Moisture Absorption, Thermal and Microstructural Properties of Polymer Composites Developed from Rice Husk and Polystyrene Wastes. Int. J. Sustainable Eng. 2021, 14, 1049-1058.
  •  
  • 18. Ershad-Langroudi, A.; Jafarzadeh-Dogouri, F.; Razavi-Nouri, M.; Oromiehie, A. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate/Chopped Rice Husk Composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 1979-1985.
  •  
  • 19. Chen R. S.; Ahmad, S. Mechanical Performance and Flame Retardancy of Rice Husk/Organoclay-Reinforced Blend of Recycled Plastics. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2017, 198, 57-65.
  •  
  • 20. Chen, R. S.; Ahmad, S.; Gan, S. Characterization of Rice Husk Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites. BioResources 2016, 11, 8470-8482.
  •  
  • 21. Chen, R. S.; Ghani, M. H. A.; Salleh, M. N.; Ahmad, S.; Tarawneh, M. A. Mechanical, Water Absorption, and Morphology of Recycled Polymer Blend Rice Husk Flour Biocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41494.
  •  
  • 22. Chen, R. S.; Salleh, M. N.; Ghani, M. H. A.; Ahmad, S.; Gan, S. Biocomposites Based on Rice Husk Flour and Recycled Polymer Blend: Effects of Interfacial Modification and High Fiber Loading. BioResources 2015, 10, 6872-6885.
  •  
  • 23. Chen, R. S.; Ghani, M. H. A.; Ahmad, S.; Sallen, M. N.; Tarawneh, M. A. Rice Husk Flour Biocomposites Based on Recycled High-Density Polyethylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Blend: Effect of High Filler Loading on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. J. Compos. Mater. 2014, 49, 1241-1253.
  •  
  • 24. Bisht, N.; Gope, P. C. Effect of Alkali Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Flour Reinforced Epoxy Bio-Composite. Mater. Today: Proc. 2018, 5, 24330-24338.
  •  
  • 25. Bisht N.; Gope, P. C. Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Flour Reinforced Epoxy Bio-Composite. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 2015, 5, 123-128.
  •  
  • 26. Imoisili, P. E.; Olunlade, B. A.; Tomori, W. B. Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on the Tensile Properties of Rice Husk Flour Polyester Composite. Pacific J. Sci. Technol. 2012, 13, 457-462.
  •  
  • 27. Hardinnawirda, K.; Aisha, I. S. Effect of Rice Husks as Filler in Polymer Matrix Composites. J. Mechan. Eng. Sci. 2012, 2, 181-186.
  •  
  • 28. Ahn, T.; Kim, D. Mechanical Properties of in Recycled HIPS with Concentration of Fly Ash. J. Korean Inst. Resources Recycling 2001, 10, 34-40.
  •  
  • 29. Olofinnade, O.; Chandra, S.; Chakraborty, P. Recycling of High Impact Polystyrene and Low-Density Polyethylene Plastic Wastes in Lightweight Based Concrete for Sustainable Construction. Mater. Today: Proceedings 2021, 38, 2151-2156
  •  
  • 30. Zaafarani, N. N.; Nour, M.; El-Kassas, A. M.; Elsheikh, A. A New Recycled High-Impact Polystyrene-Rice Straw Composite; Eco-Friendly Fabrication and Characterization. Int. J. Environm. Sci. Technol. 2024, 21, 1193-1202.
  •  
  • 31. Sayed, A. M. E.; Shehata, A. B.; Darwish, N. A.; Megeed, A. A. A. E.; Badawy, N. A.; El-Bayaa, A. A.; El-Mogy, S. A. Effect of Compatibilizing Agents on the Mechanical Property of Rice Husk Flour as Nano-Potental Filler in Polypropylene Biocomposite. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 125, 1310-1317.
  •  
  • 32. Yeh, S. K.; Hsieh, C. C.; Chang, H. C.; Yen, C. C. C.; Chang, Y. C. Synergistic Effect of Coupling Agents and Fiber Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Moisture Absorption of Polypropylene-Rice Husk Composites and Their Foam. Composites: Part A 2015, 38, 313-322.
  •  
  • 33. Chand, N.; Jhod, B. D. Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties of Maleic Anhydride Modified Rice Husk Filled PVC Composites. BioResources 2008, 3, 1228-1243.
  •  
  • 34. Guilbert-Garcia, E.; Salgado-Delgado, R.; Rangel-Vazquez, N. A.; Garcia-Hernandez, E.; Rubio-Rosas, E.; Salgado-Rodriguez, R. Modification of Rice Husk to Improve the Interface in Isotactic Polypropylene Composites. Latin Am. Appl. Res. 2012, 42, 83-87.
  •  
  • 35. Lee, B. H.; Kim, H. S.; Choi, S. W.; Kim, H. J. Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion for Surface Treated Rice Husk Flour-Filled Polypropylene Bio-Composites. Mokchae Konghak 2006, 34, 38-45.
  •  
  • 36. Luna, I. Z.; Dam, K. C.; Chowdhury, A. M. S.; Gafur, M. A.; Khan, N.; Khan, R. A. Physical and Thermal Characterization of Alkali Treated Rice Husk Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 2015, 907327.
  •  
  • 37. Luna, I. Z.; Dam, K. C.; Chowdhury, A. M. S.; Gafur, M. A.; Khan, R. A. Mechanical And Spectroscopic Properties of Rice Husk Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Sodium Hydroxide. Int. J. Compos. Mater. 2015, 5, 162-166.
  •  
  • 38. Marti-Ferrer, F.; Vilaplana, F.; Ribes-Greus, A.; Benedito-Borras, A.; Sanz-Box, C. Flour Rice Husk as Filler in Block Copolymer Polypropylene: Effect of Different Coupling Agents. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 99, 1823-1831.
  •  
  • 39. Park, D. K.; Seo, M. W.; Goo, J. H.; Kim, S. D.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, J. G.; Song, B. Pyrolysis Characterization of Sawdust and Rice Husk. J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem. 2007, 18, 415-423.
  •  
  • 40. Zhao, Q.; Zhang, B.; Quan, H.; Yam, R. C. M.; Yuen, R. K. K.; Li, R. K. Y. Flame Retardancy of Rice Husk-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Ecocomposites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 2675-2681.
  •  
  • 41. Panthapulakkal, S.; Law, S.; Sain, M. Enhancement of Processability of Rice Husk Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composite Profiles. J. Thermoplastic Compos. Mater. 2005, 18, 445-458.
  •  
  • 42. Bera, J.; Kale, D. D. Properties of Polypropylene Filled with Chemically Treated Rice Husk. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 1271-1279.
  •  
  • 43. Zafar, M. F.; Siddiqui, M. A. Raw Natural Fiber Reinforced Polystyrene Composites: Effect of Fiber Size and Loading. Mater. Today: Proc. 2018, 5, 5908-5917.
  •  
  • 44. Yang, H. S.; Kim, H. J.; Son, J.; Park, H. J.; Lee, B. J.; Hwang, T. S. Rice-Husk Flour Filled Polypropylene Composites; Mechanical and Morphological Study. Compos. Struct. 2004, 63, 305-312.
  •  
  • 45. Yang, H. S.; Kim, H. J.; Park, H. J.; Lee, B. J.; Hwang, T. S. Effect of Compatibilizing Agents on Rice-Husk Flour Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Compos. Struct. 2007, 77, 45-55.
  •  
  • 46. Yang, H. S.; Wolcott, M. P.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, S.; Kim, H. J. Properties of Lignocellulosic Material Filled Polypropylene Bio-Composites Made with Different Manufacturing Process. Polym. Test. 2006, 25, 668-676.
  •  
  • 47. Rosa, S. M. L.; Santos, E. F.; Ferreira, C. A.; Nachtigall, S. M. B. Studies on the Properties of Rice-Husk-Filled-PP Composites – Effect of Maleated PP. Mater. Res. 2009, 12, 333-338.
  •  
  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2024 Impact Factor : 0.6
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2025; 49(6): 829-837

    Published online Nov 25, 2025

  • 10.7317/pk.2025.49.6.829
  • Received on Aug 20, 2025
  • Revised on Oct 1, 2025
  • Accepted on Oct 12, 2025

Correspondence to

  • Seogjun Kim

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehakro 558, Kunsan, Chonbuk 54150, Korea

  • E-mail: sjkim@kunsan.ac.kr